Nepal,
officially known, according to its Interim Constitution, as the
State of Nepal. (previously known as Kingdom of Nepal) (Nepali: नेपाल [neˈpaːl] (help·info)) is a landlocked Himalayan country
in South Asia. It is bordered by Tibet to the north and by India
(Bihar, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal) to the
south, east and west.
For a small territory, the Nepali landscape is uncommonly
diverse, ranging from the humid Terai in the south to the lofty
Himalayas in the north. Eight of the world's ten highest
mountains are in Nepal, including Mount Everest. The country is
famous for: tourism, trekking, hiking, camping, mountain biking,
national wildlife parks, jungle safaris, river rafting, sport
fishing, and its many beautiful temples and places of worship.
Kathmandu is the capital and largest city. Other main cities
include Dharan, Madhyapur Thimi, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Lalitpur (Patan),
Bhaktapur. other main towns includes Birendranagar, Bharatpur,
Nepal, Siddhartanagar (Bhairahawa), Birganj (Birgunj), Butwal,
Janakpur, Nepalganj (Nepalgunj), Hetauda, Damak, Dhangadhi, and
Mahendranagar.
After a long and rich history, during which the region
splintered and coalesced under a variety of absolute rulers,
Nepal became a constitutional monarchy in 1990. However, the
monarchy retained many important and defined powers. This
arrangement was marked by increasing instability, both in the
parliament and, since 1996, in large swathes of the country that
have been fought over by Maoist insurgents. The Maoists,
alienated from mainstream political parties, went underground
and started a guerrilla war against both monarchy and mainstream
political parties. They have sought to overthrow feudal
institutions, including the monarchy, and establish a Maoist
state.
This led to the Nepali Civil War in which more than 15,000
people have died. After the intra-party conflict within the
ruling Nepali Congress (NC) on the issue of continuation of
state of emergency to deal with Maoist insurgents, then prime
minister Sher Bahadur Deuba recommended the king for the
dissolution of lower house seeking a fresh mandate in 2002. The
king accepted his recommendation and dissolved the house as per
the constitution. Later on, Deuba recommended the king for the
postponement of the parliamentary election on the pretext of
insecurity due to the Maoist insurgency. Then the king sacked
Deuba in 2002 on the grounds of not able to hold elections and
started ruling through prime ministers appointed by him. He then
unilaterally declared a state of emergency early in 2005 and
assumed all executive powers.
Following the 2006 democracy movement, the king agreed to
relinquish the sovereign power back to the people and reinstated
the dissolved House of Representatives on April 24, 2006. Using
its newly acquired sovereign authority, on May 18, 2006, the
newly resumed House of Representatives unanimously passed a
motion to curtail the power of the king and declared Nepal a
secular state. As of September, 2006, a complete rewrite of the
constitution was still expected to happen in the near future.
As of July 2007, many of Nepal's new political leaders,
including the former Maoist rebels, now want the monarchy
abolished. The king has already lost his powers as head of state
and head of the army and the government has decided to stop
paying all allowances.
Nepal is famous for it's peaceful blend of Hindu temples and
Buddhist stupas, it's rich art and architecture, bronze
statuaries and of course it's spectacular mountains. Nepal
contains eight of the ten highest peaks in the world.
The
Gautama Buddha born in Nepal, left the world a philosophy of
peace, tolerance and compassion and today, his philosophy epitomises the nature, the feeling, the soul of Nepal.
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